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Spirit Academy › Wine

Wine

Every wine page in the Academy — written from primary sources, linked to bottles you can actually buy.

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Rows of weathered oak casks of wine ageing in the open air in the yard of a vermouth house in Marseillan, France.Level 2Vermouth and Aromatised Wine Wine, wormwood and a little spirit: how vermouth is defined in the EU and U.S., what Vermouth di Torino means, and ho... Three terracotta amphorae with steel lids standing on pallets in a cellar, used for skin-contact white wine.Level 2Natural, Orange and Lighter Wines As of late 2026: U.S. wine is contracting, millennials now lead its drinkers, and lighter, chilled and skin-contact s... A row of solar panels set among green vine rows on a hillside vineyard in Oregon.Level 2Sustainability and Packaging As of late 2026: lighter wine bottles, a new sparkling-bottle accord, California deposits on wine and spirits, and bo... Terraced plots and houses climbing the steep green hillsides above Funchal on the island of Madeira.Level 3Madeira and Marsala Two island fortified wines: Madeira, heat-aged and nearly indestructible, and Sicily's Marsala, graded by age and swe... Cupped hands holding two freshly picked bunches of green wine grapes in a vineyard.Level 1 · Start hereWine Fermented fresh grapes, defined by the OIV and U.S. law: the styles, the label rules on grape, place and year, and wh... Steep rows of vines on the hills of Valdobbiadene with a village and mountains in the distance.Level 3Prosecco Italy's tank-method sparkling wine from Glera grapes in Veneto and Friuli: the DOC, the hillside DOCG, and what Brut ... A glass of red wine beside a wide glass decanter partly filled with red wine on a wooden table.Level 2Red Wine How red wine gets its color and grip from the skins, what U.S. labels say, and how to serve and pair the major styles. Plump bunches of pale green Chardonnay grapes hanging among vine leaves.Level 2White Grape Varieties The major white grapes, one line each: origins, signature regions and the flavors that give each away. Two stemmed glasses of pale salmon-pink rosé on a white café table beside an open magazine in daylight.Level 2Rosé Wine Pink wine from brief skin contact, direct press or saignée, with Provence as the reference: methods, grapes and serving. Close view of Riesling grape bunches shrivelled and dusted with noble rot on the vine beside a wooden stake.Level 2Dessert Wine Sweet wine from noble rot, frozen grapes or late harvest: Germany's Prädikat ladder, Tokaji, Sauternes, Alsace and Mu... Terraced vineyards climbing steep slopes above a bend of the Douro River at Pinhão, Portugal.Level 3Port The Douro's fortified wine: brandy stops fermentation for natural sweetness, then ruby styles age in bottle and tawni... French oak barrels stacked on steel racks in the barrel hall of the Recanati winery, a kosher winery in Israel.Level 2Kosher Wine and Mevushal What makes wine kosher, what mevushal means and why it matters for events, and the extra rules for wine from Israel. Long aisle between stacked oak port casks in a dim port wine cellar.Level 2Fortified Wine Wine strengthened with grape spirit: why it started, how timing sets sweetness, and how Port, sherry, Madeira and Mar... Weathered clay kvevri wine vessels lying in tall grass in Ikalto, Georgia.Level 2Natural and Orange Wine Low-intervention wine and skin-contact whites: France's Vin Méthode Nature rules, Georgia's qvevri tradition, and the... Terracotta rooftops of Saint-Émilion with vineyards stretching beyond the town in Bordeaux.Level 3Wine Regions of France France's appellation system and its key regions: Bordeaux's banks and 1855 ranking, Burgundy's 84 AOCs, Alsace, the L... Dense clusters of ripe Cabernet Sauvignon grapes hanging among vine leaves in a Bordeaux vineyard.Level 2Red Grape Varieties The major red grapes, one line each: where they come from, where they shine, and what they taste like. Wooden riddling racks of sparkling-wine bottles lit amber inside a carved chalk cellar in Reims.Level 3Champagne Sparkling wine from one French region 90 miles east of Paris: three main grapes, second fermentation in bottle, at le... Autumn-coloured vineyard rows in Napa Valley with a forested mountain rising behind.Level 3Wine Regions of the USA American Viticultural Areas, label rules, and the regions to know: Napa Valley's Cabernet, Oregon's Willamette Pinot ... Pale white wine streaming from an unlabelled bottle neck into a clear stemmed glass, with a soft-focus garden behind.Level 2White Wine White wine from pressed juice, even of black grapes: how oak, climate and grape shape it, plus the white styles to know. Necks of sparkling-wine bottles angled downward in the holes of a wooden riddling rack.Level 2Sparkling Wine Wine with bubbles from its own fermentation: how bottle and tank methods differ, what the sweetness words mean, and h... Rows of dark oak sherry butts beneath the whitewashed horseshoe arches of a large bodega in Jerez de la Frontera.Level 3Sherry Andalusia's fortified wine from Palomino on white albariza soil: flor-aged fino and manzanilla, oxidative oloroso, an... Vineyard rows in Stellenbosch, South Africa, with jagged mountains rising behind under a bright sky.Level 3Wine Regions of the New World New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, Argentina and Australia: signature grapes, key regions, and label rules that differ... An Alsace village with a pointed church spire and red-roofed houses below steep vineyard slopes.Level 3Crémant and Other Sparkling Traditional-method sparkling beyond Champagne: Crémant d'Alsace, de Bourgogne and de Loire, South African Cap Classiq... Rolling vineyard hills of the Langhe around the village of Barolo, seen from La Morra in Piedmont.Level 3Wine Regions of Italy Italy's great reds and their rules: Chianti Classico's Sangiovese, Barolo and Barbaresco's Nebbiolo, and Brunello di ...

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